Assignment and home work help in LISP
LISP
Lisp mainly stands for List Processing. It was originally specified in 1958 and is the 2nd oldest high level programming language which is still in widely in use. Only Fortran is one another language which is an year older than lisp and is also widely used. Similar to any other programming language, lisp has also evolved and developed from the past thereby resulting in the creation of number of dialects. Today the widely known lisp dialects are: Scheme, Common Lisp, and Clojure.
Initially Lisp was created as a practical mathematical notation for various computer programs. Soon it was preferred as a programming language for AI (Artificial Intelligience) research. It was lisp which initially started working with lists and thus introduced new ideas of tree data structures, dynamic typing, automatic storage management, compiler etc.
One of the major data structures of Lisp is Linked Lists and the source code of lisp is itself made up of lists. Lisp has the capability to manipulate the source code as a data structure and also give rise to macro systems which would allow the programmers to create new domain specific languages which can be embedded in Lisp i.e. new syntaxes.
Important Features of Lisp Programming
· Syntax for calculations: Prefix Notations
Operator First, arguments follow
E.g. (+ 4 5) – this will add 4 and 5 there by giving a result of 9.
· Parenthesis:
This help in defining the list and also several programs
Examples:
( a b c f) is basically a list of 4 elements. Element are also known as atoms – a,b,c,f
Program
(defun factorial (num)
(cond ((<= num 0) 1)
(t (* (factorial (- num 1)) num))))
· Basic data types:
Symbols
- B
- Himadri
- 25
Lists
- ( )
- ( c )
- ( c Himadri 25 )
- (lambda (arg) (* arg arg))
· For each and every symbol Lisp tries to find its values
- (setq c 20) : this sets the value of symbol c to 20. Thus c returns the value of 20.
· Special symbols:
- T / t : True
- NIL / nil : stands for false or
- () / NIL : an empty list
Online Homework help in LISP
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