The optical instruments are the devices which help human eye
(i) In observing highly magnified images of tiny objects, for detailed examination,
(ii) In observing very far off objects – terrestrial or astronomical.
Microscopes and Telescopes are common examples of optical instruments. The essential optical components of these instruments are lenses and mirrors. The images are formed by refraction through lenses and by reflection at mirrors. In dealing with the optical instruments, we shall continue to use the ray approximation and assume that light travels in a straight line. Thus the optical instruments belong to the field of ray optics or geometric optics. The optical instruments that are mainly used:
(a) Simple Microscope - a simple microscope is used for observing magnified images of tiny objects. It consists of a converging lens of small focal length. A virtual, erect and magnified image of the object is formed at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye held close to the lens. Thus the simple microscope is also called a magnifying glass.
(b) Compound Microscope – A compound microscope is an optical instrument used for observing highly magnified images of tiny objects. In a compound microscope, the objective lens and eye lens are fixed distance apart. For focusing an object, we adjust distance of objective lens from the object by moving rack and pinion arrangement.
(c) Astronomical Telescope – An astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used for observing distinct images of heavenly bodies like stars, planets etc. In a refracting astronomical telescope, distance between objective lens and eye lens is adjusted by moving the rack and pinion arrangement. This focuses the object situated at infinity.
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