The Chinese discovered that a piece of magnetite, when suspended freely, always points out roughly in the north south direction. Thus a natural magnet has attractive and directive properties. A magnetic compass based on directive property of magnets was used by navigators to find their way in steering the ships.
Properties of Magnets
· A magnet attracts magnetic substances like iron, steel, cobalt, and nickel towards it. When a magnet is put in a heap of iron filings, they cling to the magnet.
· When a magnet is suspended freely with the help of an unspun thread, it comes to rest along the north south direction. If it is turned from this direction and left, it again returns to this direction.
· Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
· The force of attraction or repulsion F between two magnetic poles of strengths m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is directly proportional to the product of pole strengths and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.
This is called Coulomb’s law of magnetic force. However, in c.g.s system, the value of K = 1.
· The magnetic poles always exist in pairs i.e. magnetic monopoles do not exist. In an attempt to separate the magnetic poles, if we break a magnet, separate the magnetic poles formed at the broken ends. If the two pieces are broken again, we find the broken ends contain new poles again.
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