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Radioactivity

 

The phenomenon of spontaneous emission of radiations by an element or its compound is known as radioactivity. The substance which exhibits this phenomenon is called radioactive substances. The radioactivity can also be referred as the particles that are emitted from the nucleus when the instability is present in the nucleus. Radioactivity can be broadly classified into two categories:

(i)         Natural Radioactivity

(ii)       Artificial or Induced Radioactivity

The radiations emitted by the radioactive substance can be resolved into three types by the application of electrical field.

(a)    The rays which deflected slightly towards –ve electrodes were named as alpha () rays.

(b)    The rays which deflected towards +ve electrodes were named as beta () rays.

(c)    The rays which remained undeflected were named as gamma () rays.

Radioactive decay rates are generally stated in terms of their half-lives, and the half-life of a given nuclear species is associated to its radiation risk. The various types of radioactivity direct to different decay paths which transform the nuclei into other chemical elements. Probing the amounts of the decay products makes possible radioactive dating.

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