Ionic Equilibrium
It is well known that the aqueous solution of sugar does not conduct electricity. However, when common salt is added to water it conducts electricity. Also, the conductance of electricity increase with an increase in concentration of common salt. Michael Faraday classified the substance into two categories based on the abilities to conduct electricity. One category of substance conduct electricity in their aqueous solution and are called electrolytes while the other do not and are thus, referred to as non-electrolytes which are further classified into strong and weak electrolytes.
An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is comprised entirely of sodium ions and chloride ions, while that the acetic acid mainly contained unionized acetic acid molecules and only some acetate ion and proton. This is because there is almost 100% ionization in case of sodium chloride as compared to less than 5% ionization of acetic acid which is a weak electrolyte. It should be noted that in a weak electrolyte, equilibrium is established between ions and unionized molecules; this type of equilibrium involving ions in aqueous solution is called ionic equilibrium.
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